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This practical class consists of problem-solving exercises related to understanding the composition of physiologically-important solutions.

The aims of the practical are:

• To gain an understanding of the composition of physiologically-important solutions
• To learn the common methods of expressing the concentration of substances in physiology
• To learn some simple quantitative methods related to the preparation of physiological solutions

At the completion of this practical students should be able to:

• use and understand chemical formulae
• describe the different ways in which concentrations may be expressed
• calculate and convert molarity to and from osmolarity for ionic and non-ionic stock solutions
• calculate the quantities and dilutions required to make up different physiological solutions using concentrated stock solutions.